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Motion Planning
The algorithmic problem of computing a collision-free path for a robot or agent from a start configuration to a goal configuration through an environment with obstacles - the core of autonomous robot navigation and manipulation.
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Analogy
A navigation app planning a driving route through a city with traffic, road closures, and turn restrictions. The app needs to find a path from your origin to your destination that respects all constraints (one-way streets, weight limits, road closures), is reasonably efficient, and avoids obstacles (closed roads). Motion planning for robots solves the same problem in a more general setting: finding physically feasible, collision-free paths through the robot's configuration space, respecting its kinematic and dynamic constraints.