Learn
AI Concepts184
Plain-English explanations of the terms you keep encountering in the news.
Learn
Foundation Model
A large AI model trained on vast amounts of general data, designed to be the starting point for many different applications rather than built for a single task.
Read the full explanation →
Analogy
A Swiss Army knife versus a drawer full of single-purpose tools. A foundation model is the Swiss Army knife - broad enough to be adapted for many different jobs. Fine-tuning is like sharpening one of the blades for a specific purpose. The underlying tool is the same; the specialisation makes it better at particular tasks.
New to AI?
Follow the learning path - 10 sections from first principles to advanced topics, in the right order.
Browse by section
AI Foundations
The basics before anything else - what AI and machine learning actually are, how neural networks learn, and the building blocks every other concept assumes you know.
LLM Architectures
The building blocks inside large language models - how they store knowledge, process text, and generate responses.
Training & Alignment
How models are built, fine-tuned, and taught to behave the way people actually want them to.
Generative & Multimodal
AI that creates images, audio, and video - and systems that reason across multiple types of input at once.
Agentic AI
AI that plans, acts, and uses tools autonomously - moving beyond question-and-answer into doing.
AI Safety & Alignment
The field dedicated to making AI systems behave reliably, honestly, and without causing unintended harm.
MLOps & Infrastructure
The engineering discipline of running AI in production - reliably, efficiently, and at scale.
Reinforcement Learning & Robotics
AI that learns by doing - and the systems that let it operate in the physical world.
Graph Neural Networks
A class of models built for data with relationships - social networks, molecules, maps, and knowledge graphs.
Specialized Domains
AI applied to medicine, science, audio, and other fields where domain knowledge changes everything.